Ichma-ich tugmalar va «Ortga»: botda adashtirmaydigan navigatsiya

Bosh menyu          →  callback: "menu"
Kategoriya 5        →  callback: "cat:5"
Tovar 12 (5-katdan) →  callback: "prod:12:5"   ← qayerdan kelgani ham ichida

bot/
├── keyboards/
│   └── catalog.py      ← tugma quruvchilar
├── handlers/
│   └── navigation.py   ← ekranlar orasida yurish
└── utils/
    └── screens.py      ← xavfsiz tahrirlash yordamchisi

# bot/keyboards/catalog.py
from aiogram.types import InlineKeyboardButton, InlineKeyboardMarkup


def categories_kb(categories: list[dict]) -> InlineKeyboardMarkup:
    rows = [
        [InlineKeyboardButton(text=c["name"], callback_data=f"cat:{c['id']}")] for c in categories
    ]
    return InlineKeyboardMarkup(inline_keyboard=rows)


def products_kb(products: list[dict], category_id: int) -> InlineKeyboardMarkup:
    rows = [
        # tovar tugmasi qayerdan ochilganini ham eslab qoladi
        [InlineKeyboardButton(text=p["name"], callback_data=f"prod:{p['id']}:{category_id}")]
        for p in products
    ]
    # "Ortga" — bu yerda bosh menyuga
    rows.append([InlineKeyboardButton(text="← Ortga", callback_data="menu")])
    return InlineKeyboardMarkup(inline_keyboard=rows)


def product_card_kb(category_id: int) -> InlineKeyboardMarkup:
    # tovardan ortga — aynan o'sha kategoriyaga
    return InlineKeyboardMarkup(
        inline_keyboard=[[InlineKeyboardButton(text="← Ortga", callback_data=f"cat:{category_id}")]]
    )

# bot/handlers/navigation.py
from aiogram import F, Router, types

from bot.api.catalog import catalog
from bot.keyboards.catalog import categories_kb, product_card_kb, products_kb
from bot.utils.screens import show_screen

router = Router()


@router.callback_query(F.data == "menu")
async def screen_menu(callback: types.CallbackQuery):
    categories = await catalog.categories()
    await show_screen(callback, "Bo'limni tanlang:", categories_kb(categories))


@router.callback_query(F.data.startswith("cat:"))
async def screen_category(callback: types.CallbackQuery):
    category_id = int(callback.data.split(":")[1])
    products = await catalog.products(category_id)
    await show_screen(callback, "Tovarlar:", products_kb(products, category_id))


@router.callback_query(F.data.startswith("prod:"))
async def screen_product(callback: types.CallbackQuery):
    _, product_id, category_id = callback.data.split(":")
    product = await catalog.product(int(product_id))
    text = f"<b>{product['name']}</b>\nNarxi: {product['price']} so'm"
    await show_screen(callback, text, product_card_kb(int(category_id)))

# bot/utils/screens.py
from aiogram import types
from aiogram.exceptions import TelegramBadRequest


async def show_screen(callback: types.CallbackQuery, text: str, keyboard) -> None:
    # 1-hiyla: answer() bo'lmasa, tugma ustida "soat" aylanaveradi —
    # Telegram bot javob berganini bilishi kerak
    await callback.answer()
    try:
        await callback.message.edit_text(text, reply_markup=keyboard, parse_mode="HTML")
    except TelegramBadRequest as exc:
        # 2-hiyla: foydalanuvchi bir tugmani ikki marta bossa, Telegram
        # "message is not modified" xatosini beradi. Bu haqiqiy xato emas —
        # ekran allaqachon kerakli holatda. Jimgina o'tkazib yuboramiz
        if "message is not modified" not in str(exc):
            raise

from aiogram.types import InputMediaPhoto

# rasmli ekranlar orasida yurish: matn emas, media tahrirlanadi
await callback.message.edit_media(
    InputMediaPhoto(media=product["image_url"], caption=text, parse_mode="HTML"),
    reply_markup=product_card_kb(category_id),
)

# tests/test_callbacks.py
def parse_product_cb(data: str) -> tuple[int, int]:
    """'prod:12:5' -> (12, 5); format buzuq bo'lsa ValueError."""
    prefix, product_id, category_id = data.split(":")
    if prefix != "prod":
        raise ValueError(data)
    return int(product_id), int(category_id)


def test_product_callback_roundtrip():
    assert parse_product_cb("prod:12:5") == (12, 5)


def test_broken_callback_raises():
    import pytest

    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
        parse_product_cb("cat:5")